civilization, culture

名詞 culture:

1. a particular society at a particular time and place
   同義詞：civilization, civilisation
2. the tastes in art and manners that are favored by a social group
3. all the knowledge and values shared by a society
   同義詞：acculturation
4. (biology) the growing of microorganisms in a nutrient medium (such as gelatin or agar)
5. a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality--Joseph Conrad
   同義詞：polish, refinement, cultivation, finish
6. the attitudes and behavior that are characteristic of a particular social group or organization
7. the raising of plants or animals

1. The culture areas are essentially coincident with language areas.
   文化區(qū)與語(yǔ)言區(qū)基本重合。
2. Jewish culture is famous.
   猶太人的文化很著名。
3. Advancing culture is bound to triumph over declining culture.
   先進(jìn)的文化必然戰(zhàn)勝?zèng)]落的文化。
4. He was one of the apostles of the new culture.
   他曾是新文化的倡導(dǎo)者之一。
5. He is a man of little culture.
   他沒(méi)多少文化修養(yǎng)。
6. Beijing is a good city for anyone who is interested in culture.
   對(duì)于喜歡文化藝術(shù)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，北京是座很吸引人的城市。

cul.ture

n.（名詞）

The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought.
人類文化：通過(guò)社會(huì)傳導(dǎo)的行為方式、藝術(shù)、信仰、風(fēng)俗以及人類工作和思想的所有其它產(chǎn)物的整體
These patterns, traits, and products considered as the expression of a particular period, class, community, or population:
特種文化：被視為表現(xiàn)某一特定階段、階級(jí)、社會(huì)或種族的這些方式、特點(diǎn)和產(chǎn)物：
例句：
Edwardian culture; Japanese culture; the culture of poverty.
愛德華時(shí)代的文化；日本文化；貧困文化

These patterns, traits, and products considered with respect to a particular category, such as a field, subject, or mode of expression:
類別文化：被視為關(guān)于某一特定范疇，如某一領(lǐng)域、主題或表達(dá)方式的這些方式、特點(diǎn)或產(chǎn)物：
例句：
religious culture in the Middle Ages; musical culture; oral culture.
中世紀(jì)時(shí)期的宗教文化；音樂(lè)文化；口頭文化

Intellectual and artistic activity, and the works produced by it.
文藝作品，文藝活動(dòng)：智力和藝術(shù)活動(dòng)以及由此產(chǎn)生的作品

Development of the intellect through training or education.
教養(yǎng)：通過(guò)訓(xùn)練或教育而實(shí)現(xiàn)的智力發(fā)展
Enlightenment resulting from such training or education.
陶冶，啟發(fā)：由這類訓(xùn)練或教育而得到的啟迪
A high degree of taste and refinement formed by aesthetic and intellectual training.
修養(yǎng)，教養(yǎng)：通過(guò)美學(xué)和智力訓(xùn)練而形成的高品味和文雅
Special training and development:
培訓(xùn)：特殊的訓(xùn)練和發(fā)展：
例句：
voice culture for singers and actors.
為歌手和演員準(zhǔn)備的聲音練習(xí)

The cultivation of soil; tillage.
土地的耕作；耕種
The breeding of animals or growing of plants, especially to produce improved stock.
養(yǎng)殖：對(duì)動(dòng)物的飼養(yǎng)或植物的種植，尤指為了產(chǎn)生改良品種
Biology
【生物學(xué)】
The growing of microorganisms, tissue cells, or other living matter in a specially prepared nutrient medium.
培養(yǎng)：在經(jīng)過(guò)特殊準(zhǔn)備的營(yíng)養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)基中的微生物、組織細(xì)胞或其它生物的培養(yǎng)
Such a growth or colony, as of bacteria.
培養(yǎng)菌：該種生長(zhǎng)物或群落，如培養(yǎng)菌
v.tr.（及物動(dòng)詞）
cul.tured,cul.tur.ing,cul.tures
To cultivate.
栽培

To grow (microorganisms or other living matter) in a specially prepared nutrient medium.
培養(yǎng)：在特殊制備的營(yíng)養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)（微生物或其它生物）
To use (a substance) as a medium for culture:
用作培養(yǎng)基：用（某一物質(zhì)）作營(yíng)養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)基：
例句：
culture milk.
用牛奶作培養(yǎng)基

來(lái)源：
Middle English [cultivation]
中古英語(yǔ) [培育]
from Old French
源自 古法語(yǔ)
from Latin cultôra
源自 拉丁語(yǔ) cultôra
from cultus [past participle of] colere * see cultivate
源自 cultus [] colere的過(guò)去分詞 *參見 cultivate

<參考詞匯><同義詞>culture,cultivation,breeding,refinement,tasteThese nouns denote a personal quality resulting from the development of intellect, manners, and aesthetic appreciation.
這些名詞的意思是由智力、舉止以及美學(xué)欣賞的發(fā)展而形成的個(gè)人素質(zhì)。
Culture implies enlightenment attained through close association with and appreciation of the highest level of civilization:
Culture 指的是通過(guò)與最高層次的文明接觸并欣賞而獲得的啟發(fā)：
例句：
.Culture is then properly described not as having its origin in curiosity, but as having its origin in the love of perfection. (Matthew Arnold).
.由此修養(yǎng)被恰當(dāng)?shù)孛枋鰹樵从趯?duì)完美的熱愛，而不是出于好奇心. （馬修·阿諾德）。

Cultivation suggests the process of self-improvement or self-development through which culture is acquired:
Cultivation 指的是修養(yǎng)得以獲取的自我改進(jìn)或自我發(fā)展過(guò)程：
例句：
The books and paintings in her library reflect her considerable cultivation.
她的圖書館內(nèi)的書和畫反映了她有相當(dāng)程度的修養(yǎng)。

Breeding is revealed especially in good manners, poise, and sensitivity to the feelings of others:
Breeding 尤指在優(yōu)雅的舉止、姿態(tài)以及對(duì)他人感覺的敏感中表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的：
例句：
.The test of a man`s or woman`s breeding is how they behave in a quarrel. (George Bernard Shaw).
.對(duì)某一男人或女人教養(yǎng)的考驗(yàn)是他們?cè)跔?zhēng)吵中如何表現(xiàn). （喬治·蕭伯納）。

Refinement stresses aversion to coarseness and implies a delicacy of feeling associated with fastidiousness:
Refinement 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對(duì)粗魯?shù)膮拹翰⑶矣信c挑剔相關(guān)的感覺敏感之意：
例句：
.to seek elegance rather than luxury,and refinement rather than fashion. (William Henry Channing).
.尋求典雅而不是奢侈，尋求高雅而不是時(shí)尚. （威廉·亨利·查寧）。

Taste is the capacity for recognizing and appreciating what is fitting, proper, or aesthetically superior:
Taste 指的是辨別和鑒定合適的、適宜的、美學(xué)方面優(yōu)良東西的能力：
例句：
.These questions of taste, of feeling, of inheritance, need no settlement.Every one carries his own inch-rule of taste. (Henry Adams).
.這些關(guān)于品味、感覺、遺傳的問(wèn)題，無(wú)需得到解決。每個(gè)人都有各自衡量審美力的標(biāo)準(zhǔn). （亨利·亞當(dāng)斯）